Process of Stainless Steel Powder Metallurgy

(Process of Stainless Steel Powder Metallurgy)

Stainless steel powder metallurgy, as the name implies, is stainless steel
manufactured by powder metallurgy. Compared with the stainless steel produced by
the traditional melting process, it has the advantages of producing parts close
to net shape, high dimensional accuracy, high material utilization, and uniform
structure.

The process flow of stainless steel powder metallurgy is to prepare powder
-> forming -> sintering

1. Powder preparation: It is the first step in the production of stainless
steel by powder metallurgy. It can be water atomization. The molten stainless
steel is discharged from the nozzle hole, blown and solidified with
high-pressure water to obtain stainless steel powder. The bulk density of water
atomized stainless steel powder is 2.5~3.2 g/cm3. It can also be gas
atomization. The bulk density of the high-pressure nitrogen atomized powder is
4.8 g/cm3, and the oxygen content of the powder is less than 10-4. The rotating
electrode powder method can also be used to produce spherical stainless steel
powder.

2. Forming: The forming pressure is 550~830 MPa.

3. Sintering: Because the alloy elements in stainless steel are easy to
oxidize, it must be sintered in a protective atmosphere with extremely low
oxygen content. If hydrogen or decomposed ammonia is used as the protective
atmosphere, the dew point should be -45~-50°C. Vacuum sintering can also be
used, and the sintering temperature is 1120~1150℃. These stainless steel powders
can also be packed into the sheath, vacuum-sealed, cold isostatic pressing, and
then hot isostatic pressing to densify the material. The process parameters are
1050°C and the pressure is 2 kPa.

Compared with ordinary cast and forged stainless steel, stainless steel
powder metallurgy has small segregation of alloy elements, fine grain size, fine
and even distribution of impure inclusions, and higher mechanical properties and
corrosion resistance. In particular, high-nitrogen stainless steel produced by
powder metallurgy has a much lower cost than high-pressure smelting. At the same
time, powder metallurgy high-nitrogen stainless steel has a series of excellent
properties and has a very broad application prospect.

The stainless steel prepared by the stainless steel powder metallurgy method
can refine the microstructure and reduce the segregation of alloying elements,
thereby improving the performance of the material. In addition, it can save raw
materials and energy consumption, and achieve low-carbon, green and
environmental protection. It has been widely used in machinery, chemical
industry, shipbuilding, automobile, instrumentation and other industries.

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(Process of Stainless Steel Powder Metallurgy)